Alternative Investment Fund for Senior Life Insurance Settlements †Business (600 Level Course)

Alternative Investment Fund for Senior Life Insurance Settlements – Business (600 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Alternative Investment Fund for Senior Life Insurance Settlements Business (600 Level Course) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Alternative Investments Fund, LLC (â€Å"The Company†) is seeking to secure funding for the purpose of purchasing life insurance policies. The purpose of this document is to provide potentially interested parties with sufficient information to submit non-binding indications of interest to provide such funding commitments, but does not purport to be all-inclusive or contain all of the information that an interested party may require. Interested parties should conduct their own independent analysis. The information contained herein has been provided by the Company, their respective officers, employees, agents or representatives, or derived from publicly available sources. The Company does not make any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of this document or the information contained herein – and no legal liability is assumed or implied. Any estimates and opinions have been prepared by the Company’s management and involve subjective judgment and analysis. This document shall not constitute or be construed as an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities of the Company. The Business The Company was founded to originate and finance the purchase of life insurance settlements in the secondary market. A life insurance settlement involves the transfer of ownership and the change of beneficiary of a life insurance policy in exchange for a lump sum cash payment from the purchaser. Life insurance settlements provide individuals who no longer want or need an existing life insurance policy with the opportunity to sell the policy and receive a cash settlement greater than the policy’s cash surrender value (amount insurance company will pay to cash out the policy). In the case of settlements involving term insurance policies, policy owners receive funds that they never expected to receive during their lifetimes. The policy owner may be planning to surrender the policy for any number of reasons including (i) corporate-owned key-man policies may no longer be needed due to the key-man leaving the business or the business being sold, (ii) insurance policies purchased for estate planning objectives are no longer relevant, (iii) the need for life insurance protection no longer exists du e to beneficiaries being taken care of by other investments or are financially independent or simply that there are no living heirs, (iv) continuing premium payments is no longer desirable, (v) cash from the settlement can be used to purchase new, more appropriate coverage (i.e., Second to Die or Long Term Care), and (vi) personal financial reasons. Senior Life Insurance Settlements are distinguishable from Viatical Settlements that were primarily focused on AIDS victims. Many viewed the viatical business negatively because of the perception that unscrupulous parties were preying on very vulnerable individuals. On the other hand, the Senior Life Insurance Settlement market has been viewed very positively. Typically, the policy size with a Senior Settlement is large and the seller of the policy is affluent and represented by a professional financial advisor. For these reasons, it is generally viewed as business that provides a valuable service – the opportunity to access values previously believed to be inaccessible. For the investor, the value proposition is driven by a few factors. First, the seller of the policy wants liquidity from the policy during his or her lifetime. Another motivation to sell is to eliminate the premiums that must be paid to keep the policy in force. In the process of evaluating the purchase of a life insurance policy, the life expectancy of the seller is a key determinant of the return to the investor. For this reason, every seller must have an evaluation of his or her health. Based on the evaluation (medical underwriting), a life expectancy (ex) is established, which determines the price at which the policy is purchased. In cases where the insured survives longer than the projected life span, the rate of return to an investor decreases. On average, these Senior Settlements are priced to produce a yield in excess of 15% per annum. The quality of the medical underwriting is the critical factor in developing appropriate pricing. Even with perfect underwriting, it is critical for an investor to have a sufficient distribution of lives in the investment pool. The pool should also possess a distribution of medical issues, in order to avoid concentration risk. For investors, life insurance settlements are unique. The returns have no correlation to the stock market or interest rates. Returns are purely a function of the factors discussed above. The Market Life insurance settlements began in the United States only in the last decade. They are now emerging as an asset class based on shear volume potential. The total potential size of the life insurance settlement market is estimated to include approximately $108 billion1 of life insurance in force. Most life insurance settlements have life expectancies ranging from 5 to 13 years, although some may be as short as one year. Demand for the Life Insurance Senior Settlements is already strong and can only grow as knowledge of this financial alternative becomes more mainstream. Currently, there are 23 million1 people in the United States age 65 or older who have life insurance policies in force. Nearly 8% of these policies lapse or are surrendered each year. LIMRA estimates that 97% of all term life insurance products sold in the United States will be lapsed before any death benefits are realized. As more individuals begin to learn that their policies have a value in the secondary marketplace that exceeds the cash surrender value (essentially that there is a better alternative to lapsing or surrendering the policy) – demand is certain to grow. Because the Life Insurance Senior Settlements are still relatively new and unknown (industry estimates suggest approximately 90% of financial planners and an even larger percentage of consumers are not yet aware of the availability of life insurance settlements), it is fair to assume that this market is poised to experience phenomenal growth over the next several years. Recently, the option to sell an unwanted life insurance policy, for a broad variety of financial planning reasons in addition to financial need, has dramatically increased the number of people considering this option. As a result, capital resources available to acquire those policies have been overwhelmed, creating a large backlog of policies in the market. Marketing The potential for a Senior Settlement occurs when the health of an insured has deteriorated to the point that the expected value of the future death benefit, which can be realized under a life insurance policy, significantly exceeds the expected value of the future anticipated premium payments. Historically, most policyholders did not realize that their life insurance policies represented â€Å"hidden assets† which could be used to better achieve their living goals. Transactions generally occur, when the life insurance policy owner works with an insurance agent, financial planner, or other financial advisor (â€Å"settlement broker†) who makes the owner aware that there are options available other than lapsing or surrendering an unneeded life insurance policy. These settlement brokers find the buyers for the life insurance policy and secure the settlement. It is estimated that of the 192,000 life insurance agents and approximately 34,000 certified financial planners in the United States today, only ten percent have working knowledge of Senior Settlements. Therefore, as the population ages and knowledge of Senior Settlements spreads, the potential exists for substantial future growth. Senior Settlements are a new and rapidly growing asset class. While Investment Bankers have viewed Senior Settlements as ideal for candidates for securitizations, the recent genesis of this asset class, taken together with the esoteric nature of the risks associated with projected cash flows and the inherit complexities of any securitization, have made the securitization of Senior Settlements mostly a theoretical exercise. As a result, capital allocations to this market have tended to be lumpy at best. The Company intends to source Senior Life Insurance Settlements in the secondary market from Life Insurance Settlements Companies, which have existing relationships with managing general agents and life insurance agents/brokers active in this market. Management Although the Company will use third parties to perform many functions associated with the evaluation and purchase of the life insurance policies, it will provide oversight of many functions including the following: Insurance Policy Underwriting Medical Underwriting Purchasing Policies Tracking/Servicing Purchased Policies The management team of the Company has substantial expertise in life insurance, actuarial pricing, accounting, taxation, capital markets, and life insurance settlements. Investment Returns A sample of 500 Insured lives was used to determine the expected rates of return for investors, and the volatility of the returns. The Insured lives modeled ranged in ages from 65 to 89, with an average age of 75. The net face amount of policies to be purchased was $453.1 million, and the assumed purchase price was $115.9 million. Under the â€Å"base case† or â€Å"assumed case†, the return to investors was determined to be 19.0%. This anticipated rate of return is consistent with current pricing in the Senior Settlement market. In the assumed case scenario, an investor would recover 100% of the amount invested in 7.46 years. The average ex for the group of Insureds, at the time of the assumed purchase, was 8.428 years. The most significant issue with Senior Settlements is not the return of principal, but instead the duration over which returns will be earned. Therefore, the expected rates of return were calculated using variations in the assumed mortality of the pool of insured lives. Projected cash flows were calculated assuming future premium payments, death benefits and expenses, using mortality rates that vary from the assumed case. Assuming that the actual mortality in all years is 10% less than the expected, the rate of return would decrease to 17.66%, compared to 19.0% in the assumed case. Conversely, if mortality is 10% higher than the assumed case, the rate of return will increase to 20.28%. Extreme cases were also tested. Assuming actual mortality is 33% lower than pricing results in the rate of return decreasing to 14.37%, while the break point is 21.01 years. Assuming mortality is 33% higher than anticipated results in a return of 23.11% and a breakeven period of 5.72 years. The rates of return under these assumptions are reflected in the table below: The extreme mortality variation used a 33% lower mortality rate than assumed and represents two standard deviations in a sample comprised of 500 lives. The probability of the actual mortality rate being less than 33% is therefore approximately 2.5%. Conversely, the probability that mortality would ever exceed 33% above the expected would also equal 2.5%. Industry Regulation As with any insurance transaction, some state Departments of Insurance regulate life insurance settlements. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) adopted model regulation in 1993 when the industry focus was limited to individuals with catastrophic or life threatening illnesses. The Model developed contract, license requirements, and other consumer protections to protect these specific policy sellers. This Model was adopted by only about half the states. As the business has evolved and expanded well beyond the scope of the early regulations, the NAIC and the individual states have modified and expanded statutes and regulations to include a broader definition of the policy seller provide protections to investors in the transactions and formalize the regulatory filing and reporting requirements. Regulatory activity by the NAIC and the states, especially those states that took no action on the original Model, is expected to accelerate as the industry grows. Principals Steven W. Fickes, F.S.A., M.A.A.A Steven is an actuary and has been involved in the insurance industry his entire career. Early in his career, he joined Tillinghast, the largest actuarial consulting firm, where he focused on reinsurance, mergers and acquisitions and taxation. He ultimately was made a Principal and headed the firm’s International Reinsurance and Life and Health Insurance Practices. He later formed his own actuarial practice specializing in innovative, highly structured reinsurance transactions and mergers and acquisitions. His involvement as a consultant on mergers and acquisitions led him to become a partner in a leveraged buyout firm that was involved in the acquisition of 15 insurance companies, with an aggregate value in excess of $1 billion. Steve has also been involved in several successful start-ups including the formation of a life insurance settlements firm. During 1995, he formed a $100 million private equity fund, which ultimately completed two major acquisitions. Prior to starting his own firm, Raedel in 2001, Steve was a partner at Deloitte Touche, where he led the firm’s international actuarial practice. During his tenure at Deloitte he worked with the American Cancer Society in developing a lending program for terminally ill cancer patients collateralized by their life insurance policies. Since resigning from Deloitte Touche, Steve has developed an extremely sophisticated insurance information database that has as its subscribers some the largest insurance companies in the US, major investment banks and mutual funds. At the same time, he has pursued various other entrepreneurial opportunities in the insurance sector. Ransom Jones, C.P.A. Ransom has over 30 years of experience working in the insurance industry with major multi-national companies in various areas including accounting and income tax consulting, asset/liability management, product development, asset securitization, mergers and acquisitions, financing, general management, consulting for troubled insurance companies and developing strategic direction. He has worked at American International Group, Citicorp, Goldman, Sachs Co., and was a partner at KPMG Peat Marwick. He has served as chief financial officer at two publicly traded companies and was president of a group of property and casualty insurance companies. For two years, Ransom worked with a start-up senior settlements company in developing its business plan and identifying financing opportunities. During his career, Mr. Jones has been very active in insurance industry affairs. For three years, he served on the NAIC’s Working Group on Emerging Issues which promulgates insurance regulatory accounting standards. He has served on various other NAIC committees. For three years, he was on the Board of Directors of the National Association of Life Companies Over many years, he has been a frequent speaker and author of articles related to the insurance industry. Research Papers on Alternative Investment Fund for Senior Life Insurance Settlements - Business (600 Level Course)Lifes What IfsMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesTwilight of the UAWAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Incorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XRiordan Manufacturing Production Plan

Cars and Carriages

Cars and Carriages Cars and Carriages Cars and Carriages By Mark Nichol Car and carriage, and many other words containing the element car, derive from the Latin word carrus, meaning â€Å"two-wheeled wagon.† This post lists and defines many of the words descended from carrus. A car is a passenger vehicle designed to be driven on roads; autocar and motorcar are outdated terms used in the early days of automotive travel to describe cars so as not to have them be confused with train cars and streetcars, which were dominant modes of travel at the time. A streetcar is a public passenger vehicle, running on a network of rails within a city, that can be drawn by horses (this type was sometimes called a horsecar) or propelled by electricity; one drawn by cables is sometimes called a cable car. Car also describes a segment of a railroad train, and terms for specialized cars include boxcar, denoting an enclosed car for carrying freight, flatcar, which refers to a platform freight car, and â€Å"stock car,† meaning â€Å"a ventilated boxcar for hauling livestock.† (â€Å"Stock car† also describes a racing car with a stock, or mass-produced, chassis and a customized car body.) A car wash is a public facility for cleaning cars, either staffed or self-service with coin-operated equipment. A carpool is an arrangement in which two or more people share a car driven by one of them to reach a common destination. A carport is an area, like a garage but generally with only a roof on posts and no walls, for storing vehicles. (â€Å"Car park† is a British English term for a parking garage or parking lot.) To be carsick is to become nauseated by the motion of a car; the ailment is called carsickness. Carriage originally denoted the act of carrying but came to apply to a vehicle that carries people, including a train car; the meaning was extended to refer to one’s posture as well as specialized senses pertaining to a moveable part of a machine, such as a typewriter’s carriage, or to having a pathogen in one’s body. Carry also derives from carrus; among the most versatile of verbs, it has numerous senses pertaining to bearing, moving, or directing something from one place to another or to associated actions. But it is also employed as a noun, as in the case of a method of bearing something, as in describing the advance of a football player with the ball. A carrier is an entity that carries something, and a carryall is a vehicle or a large bag; the latter word stems by folk etymology from the French term carriole. Chariot, denoting an ancient two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle, is, with charioteer, derived from the Old French verb charrier, meaning â€Å"transport,† by way of Middle French and Middle English. The word, as well as chariotee, a diminutive of chariot, and â€Å"post chariot,† pertain to types of carriage used before the automotive age. Charabanc is a British English word for a sightseeing bus; the term is derived from the French phrase char bancs, meaning â€Å"wagon with benches.† Carousel, originally describing a jousting match and later pertaining to an amusement ride in which people mount statues of horses or other animals set on a revolving platform, is from the Italian word carusiello, possibly descended from carrus. Cart and its compound variations (from cartwheel to â€Å"shopping cart†) are unrelated, stemming from an Old English word, related to the Dutch word for basket, that likely alluded to the fact that early carts often included a body made of wickerwork. However, charette (also spelled charrette), a word originally pertaining to a cart used to carry drawings- by extension, it now describes a meeting involving architectural plans- is French for â€Å"little cart† and is from carrus. (The modern sense might derive from the notion of viewing and discussing architectural drawings spread out on a cart at a building site.) However, a few words that may not be easily recognized as belonging to the same family do stem from carrus, including career, which means â€Å"course† or â€Å"passage† and by extension came to denote a field or profession one pursues. As a verb, it describes speeding along a road or other course. (However, careen, denoting turning something over or a side-to-side movement, is unrelated.) Carrack, the word for a sailing vessel common during the 1400s and 1500s, derives from an Arabic word for â€Å"merchant ship† that may have been borrowed from the Latin term carricare, meaning â€Å"load a car.† Cargo, meaning â€Å"goods conveyed by a vehicle or vessel,† stems from the same word by way of Spanish, and that language is also the source of supercargo, denoting a ship’s officer responsible for freight and related matters. Carricare is also the source of cark, an obscure word used as a noun or a verb to refer to trouble or worry, from the notion of a burden. It is also the origin of charge, which originally referred to a load or a weight carried but now has a variety of meanings, including â€Å"command† or â€Å"supervision,† â€Å"obligation,† â€Å"expense,† or â€Å"complaint,† â€Å"criticism,† or â€Å"assertion of guilt.† It also describes a rush, especially of attacking mounted soldiers, and still refers to a load of in the sense of a quantity of electricity or explosives. In addition, it serves as a verb pertaining to these senses. A charger is something used in charging, such as a warhorse or a device for holding or reinforcing a weapon or an energy source. and something that can be charged is chargeable. Recharge means â€Å"charge again,† and something that can be charged again is rechargeable. A countercharge is a response to a charge, and overcharge and undercharge denote excessive or insufficient charging, while supercharge refers to applying energy, pressure, or tension and a surcharge is an extra charge, usually in the financial sense of an additional fee. The noun chargà © d’affaires, borrowed directly from the French phrase meaning â€Å"charged with affairs† (and pronounced the same), denotes a deputy of an ambassador or other senior diplomat. Carpenter, meaning â€Å"worker who builds and repairs wood structures† (from a Latin word denoting a wagon maker), and carpentry, referring to the practice, are related to carrus. Although caricature is in a sense a synonym of character, in that both pertain to a representation of a person, and the terms are pronounced similarly and appear as if they might share a root, they are unrelated: Character, by way of Latin, is from the Greek word kharacter, meaning â€Å"engraved mark†; it retains its original sense of â€Å"symbol† but also developed the meaning of â€Å"person in a work of fiction,† then simply â€Å"person† (and later â€Å"eccentric person†) as well as â€Å"the sum of one’s defining qualities,† or â€Å"integrity.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-Efficient36 Poetry TermsEach vs. Both

Electronic Health Records Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Electronic Health Records - Research Paper Example EHRs, Pros, Cons In a document from the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the benefits of adopting the use of HIT in both public and private institutions were presented, as well as the goals, vision, and changes in the system once health care delivery would integrate the use of such innovations. In 2004, former US president Bush â€Å"called for a widespread adoption of interoperable EHRs within 10 years,† and the established position of National Coordinator for Health Information Technology was tasked to develop and implement a â€Å"strategic plan† that would guide the implementation of HIT nationally in both public and private sectors (HSS 1). From here we see that such advancements in technology are supported by the federal government, and imply that they may have more advantages than disadvantages. In a publication by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), they adopt the Health Informati on Management Systems Society’s (HIMSS) definition of EHR where, â€Å"The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a longitudinal electronic record of patient health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting. Included in this information are patient demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data, and radiology reports. The EHR automates and streamlines the clinician’s workflow. The EHR has the ability to generate a complete record of a clinical patient encounter, as well as supporting other care-related activities directly or indirectly via interface - including evidence-based decision support, quality management, and outcomes reporting.† (1) The pen and paper system adopted in health care institutions have been blamed more than many times in errors that occur in health care delivery. In the development of EHRs, these mistakes are perceived to lessen because they say that electronic records are legible and consistent, not encouraging other members of the health care team to assume or guess medications, dosages, and other physician orders written on the patients’ charts once they get hard to read. Fragmentation of information that may be caused by paper records have the risk of increasing health care cost to manage adverse effects the patient could experience in the event that something undesirable happens when information on paper are misinterpreted. Another advantage of an EHR is its increased capabilities to store information for longer periods of time, and it is accessible, allowing immediate retrieval of information (Gurley). The system is also designed to detect abnormal results, in laboratory and diagnostic procedures, for instance, and reminds and alerts providers when such are found in the records. This feature thus enhances patient safety in the deliverance of care. One disadvantage with an EHR is its startup costs, which ma y be too much (Gurley). Although the system is seen to reduce health care costs, there is a need for financial capital to be invested during its initial adoption that may be a huge amount. Also, to users who are not technically knowledgeable, EHRs may become difficult, instead of convenient, to them. The issues considered when EHRs are

Critically assess, using examples, the extent to which practice Essay

Critically assess, using examples, the extent to which practice perspectives give a coherent and complete account of the challenges involved with introducing new technologies into organisational settings - Essay Example pective approaches, leaders and managers within an organization can objectively evaluate and understand the depth and breadth of challenges associated with change within a workplace. According to practice perspective, social and cultural contexts play a significant role in influencing actionable practices demonstrated by individuals within a professional environment. Zachary (2012) mentioned that practice perspectives offer an insight into the intricate relationship between individual’s performance patterns, and the individual’s social attributes. For example, introduction of new technologies within an organization invariably presents specific challenges that can be accounted for through practice perspective techniques. In practice perspective, social elements of race, class, age, and gender among other relevant parameters are used to account for observable changes in actionable behaviors. Today, inclusion of social networking applications like Facebook and Twitter in an organization’s computers is helpful in facilitating online interactions between a company’s staff, customers, and other stakeholders. However, new technological tools like social network platforms can cause considerable challenges like distraction of employees at work. Actually, time spent by employees on friendly chats through social network sites can substantially compromise on productivity. According to Zachary (2012), young employees below 30 years are highly likely to spend more time on social networks compared to old workers above 35 years. On the other hand, productivity of female employees is minimally affected because they can easily multitask; hence they can still perform their duties effectively while at the same time using social network sites compared to their male counterparts. As aforementioned, practice perspective offers insight into the influential role of social parame ters like age and gender on individuals’ actionable performances. In this regard, challenges

Sustainable development-Ethanol fuel in Brazil Essay Example for Free

Sustainable development-Ethanol fuel in Brazil Essay Brazil has one of the largest programs on bio-fuel world wide which involves the production of ethanol fuel from the sugarcanes. The ethanol provides an approximated 18% in the automotive fuel of the country. This has then resulted into the country being self sufficient in oil which it had to import several years ago because of the exploitation of the domestic deep water oil resources. (Steen 1994) The nature and value of global management for sustainable development The sustainable development of the ethanol fuel in Brazil involves a social ecological process that is characterized by the fulfillment of the needs of human beings while at the same time indefinitely maintaining the same quality of the natural environment. This link between the development and the environment was recognized globally in the international union for conservation of nature book that was published by the world conservation strategy. In Brazil the sustainable development of the ethanol fuel does not only focus on the environmental issues but it also encompasses various policies in the economic and social areas. In Brazil the government should ensure that there is environmental sustainability in the production of the ethanol fuel so as to ensure that the environment further continues to function properly and also indefinitely. (Steen 1994) This will further involve meeting the needs of the Brazilians without endangering the future generation’s welfare. If the country of Brazil purposes to maintain the environmental sustainability in the production of the ethanol fuel then this will eliminate the environmental degradation of ethanol sources in the country. On the other hand sustainability of the ethanol fuel in Brazil requires that the human activities use only the natural resources at a rate at which they can naturally be replenished. If the consumption and the renewable resources are less than the nature’s ability to replenish then there will be environmental renewal which will further lead to a sustainable development. But if on the other hand the consumption of the renewable resources is more than the natures’ ability to replenish then there will be environmental degradation and the development will not be sustainable. The key stakeholders and partners of the sustainable development of ethanol in brazil includes the Brazilian government, the consumers and sugar farmers, the Brazilian citizens, the producers of ethanol and also the car manufacturers and retailers of the bio-ethanol fuelled cars. The relevant issues in the sustainability of the ethanol development in Brazil involve the control measures which have been derived from the Montreal protocol and also the phasing out of the leaded gasoline in the country. The bio-ethanol in the country of Brazil has been used as a liquid fuel in the commercial sector for a long time and the Brazilian government has taken the initiative of promoting the bio-ethanol through a program known as pro alcohol in the 1970s. The Brazilian federal government also gave subsidies to the farmers and also maintained low price and this was aimed at absorbing the energy production constant surplus while at the same time preventing the country from being dependent on the foreighn oil imports. (Steen 1994) In the recent past brazil there has been escalating oil prices and the government of brazil has refocused on the bio-ethanol fuel and also the flexi fuel cars in search for the cleaner and also renewable energies. The consumers can fuel their vehicles by ethanol. In maintaining a sustainable development of ethanol in Brazil the government has laid down some policy options which include; 1. By promoting the use of the bio-ethanol and fuel flex cars which are more environmental friendly than the petroleum products. 2. y ensuring that the fuel flexi cars are affordable to most people in brazil 3. by ensuring that the bio-ethanol and bio-fuels are readily available at the regular filling stations 4. by subsidizing the bio-ethanol price and making it more attractive to the consumers 5. by promoting the sugar production through the subsidies 6. By promoting the production of the bio-ethanol through the industry’s incentives and also subsidies. The ethanol alternative in Brazil is ready to create jobs and also contribute to the sustainable rural development. Globalization of the economic activities on the other hand eliminates the employment opportunities especially in the countryside and this marginalizes the poor Brazilians from the productive resources. (Daly and Amana 1981) In Brazil ethanol highly relies on the bio-mass cultivation such as sugarcane and it is coupled with a system of processing facilities that is decentralized providing more human sustainable development opportunities. The increase 0f ethanol production in Brazil promises to alleviate partially the neo-liberal economic reform outcome. Humphrey and Buttel 1982) The Brazilian government however needs to realize the economic and social economic development goals in sustaining the affordable and sustainable forms of energy such as ethanol since it is the most important key driver for the modern economic development. Based on the sustainable development concept, the reliance of Brazil on the petroleum fuel imports as a major commercial fuel in the country is unsustainable both in the long and short term. However the use of ethanol could be a sustainable solution in the long run with the potential to create an economic growth as well improve the living standards of the Brazilians and also reduce the environmental degradation. The use of ethanol in Brazil could however lead to the decline of the environmental quality and this will reduce its sustainability but with better control measures and also technological improvement such problems could be prevented. The influence of global sustainable development research on the future managerial decision making The research on the global sustainable development would highly influence the managerial decision making process in the following ways. First and foremost most decisions which will be made will significantly be based on protecting the environment as well as requiring lower inputs. (Costanza 1980) Secondly the decisions made will be based on strategies that will help in dealing with the emerging food fuel battles. Similarly the major decisions made will focus on the carbon dioxide emissions and its positive effects in reducing the global warming. The consumption of the fossil fuels as a major source of carbon dioxide loading in the atmosphere and also the development of any other fuel source greatly reduces this loading and this is a very desirable effect. The decision makers will also implement policies that are environmentally conscious on ethanol’s environmental drawbacks. The decisions will also focus on the strategic co-operation which can then make ethanol a pragmatic and partial solution to the many energy security related problems as well as the climate and the rural; development control world wide. The research on the global sustainable development will help the managers make informed decisions on the use of ethanol as a fuel source and the economical impacts encountered from its dependence. The decision makers will also be able to comprehend the impact of ethanol based on the three sustainable development spheres that comprise of the economic, social and also environmental dimensions. Similarly the research will enable the decision makers understand the role that is played by ethanol as a very useful tool in reducing the emissions on the greenhouse emissions and also in lessening the human and the environmental costs on petroleum dependency. (Capello and Naskapi 1999) Conclusion In conclusion since ethanol has been classified as a renewable form of energy it has made its production and its use sustainable in both the short and long term effects and this will further help its use meet the needs of both the future and the present generations.

Parkinsons Disease Essay -- essays research papers

James Parkinson first discovered Parkinson's Disease in 1817. Parkinson's Disease is a common neurologic disorder for the elderly. It is a disorder of the brain characterized by shaking and difficulty with walking, movement, and coordination. This disease is associated with damage to a part of the brain that controls muscle movement. Parkinson's Disease is a chronic illness that is still being extensively studied. Parkinson's Disease has caused problems for many people in this world and plagued the elderly all over the world.Parkinson's disease still puzzles doctors and the causes are unknown. It is known that it is a non-communicable disease and may even be hereditary. Parkinson's disease is thought to be caused by external factors. Most of the cases of this disease are caused by progressive deterioration of the nerve cells, which control muscle movement. Dopamine, one of the substances used in the brain to transmit impulses, is produced in the area of deterioration. Without this vital dopamine nerve cells cannot properly transmit messages resulting in a loss of muscle function.Parkinson's Disease is a non-communicable disease and doctors have not yet found out whether or not it is a hereditary disease. Parkinson's Disease has many distinct symptoms. The symptoms are:Muscle Rigiditystiffness difficulty bending arms or legsunstable, stooped, or slumped-over posture loss of balancewalking pattern changesslow movements difficulty beginning to walk difficulty initiating any...

5 Core Operational Strategies

Unit 3 PowerPoint ProjectIn chapter 6 you learned about the 5 core operational strategies (preventive patrol, routine incident response, emergency response, criminal investigation, problem solving) and 1 ancillary operational strategy (support services) that are employed by law enforcement agencies to fight and reduce crime. This week you are required to create a PowerPoint presentation that meets the following criteria:Summarize the five core operational strategies and the one ancillary operational strategy of law enforcement.Explain how these strategies are used by law enforcement agencies to achieve their crime fighting goals.Your PowerPoint presentation must consist of no fewer than six (6) slides (at least one slide per strategy). The title slide and references slide are not included in this total, and are also required.Please use the PowerPoint Template provided for you as a guide.One reason for this assignment is to help you become familiar with the PowerPoint program itself. If you have never used Microsoft PowerPoint don’t let it worry you.The PowerPoint Resources accessible below, will ease your mind and give you a head start on this project.You will have until the end of Unit 4 to complete your project. Submit your completed PowerPoint project to the dropbox by the end of Unit 4 in the basket titled Unit 3: PowerPoint Project Checklist for Unit 3 Assignment: PowerPoint PresentationCriteria: Ask yourself the following questions.Did you identify and describe the five core operational strategies and the one ancillary operational strategy of law enforcement?Did you explain how law enforcement agencies use these strategies to achieve their crime fighting goals?Is your content complete enough to address the topic and questions?Is there a logical flow to your ideas?Did you present the material in a clear and concise manner to provide easy readability?Did you prepare your project as a PowerPoint document?Did you label your file correctly?Did you check your document for grammar and spelling?Did your meet the presentation’s length requirement (6 slides minimum)?